Contents • • • • • • • • Description [ ] Larva [ ] The green, mature caterpillar is unique among Australian butterflies. A yellow line runs along each side, and the back is marked by one or more crescent shapes. The green head has two pairs of long horns besides a smaller set behind the head-scale.

Polyura sempronius. Polyura (pyrrhus) sempronius, the tailed emperor, is a large butterfly by Australian standards, with a wingspan of some 75 mm for males and 85 mm for females. The uncommon but widespread butterfly occurs in a variety of habitat types in northern and eastern Australia, where it occurs predominantly in.

Adult [ ] The upperside is boldly marked in black and white, with narrow blue-grey margins, and specks of orange on the hindwings. The prominent double-pointed tails gives the butterfly its name.

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The underwing of both sexes are marked in complex patterns of red and yellow brown, against on a white background, bordered by black outlines and an orange edge to the hindwing. Range [ ] Though formerly limited to northern and eastern Australia, it expanded its range during the 1970s. It may now be found in southern New South Wales, Victoria and eastern South Australia, but it is not permanently established.

Its residence in the southern regions depends on mild winters, and availability of their food plants. It was first noted in Adelaide in 1973, where it remains rare. Food plants [ ] The larval food is the foliage of certain native and introduced tree species. The native species include wattles,,, and species, while the is an exotic species that is also favoured. Adults may feed on the sap of trees, rotting fruit and moisture from dung. Habits [ ] These fast, strong flyers are mostly seen in the dry season. Males frequent hilltops, and establish territories, by perching head down, some 3 m up in trees, while they move the hindwings move up and down.

Two or more generations may be produced annually. Gallery [ ] •.

( Pyrrhura rupicola) References [ ] • Arndt, T. Anmerkungen zu einigen Pyrrhura-Formen mit der Beschreibung einer neuen Art und zweier neuer Unterarten. Papageien 8/2008. Geographic variation, taxonomy and distribution of some Amazonian Pyrrhura parakeets.

Ornitologia Neotropical 13 (4): 337-363. • Juniper, T., and M. A Guide to the Parrots of the World. Pica Press, East Sussex. Jaramillo, M.

Schulenberg, F. Stotz, and K. Version 28 Jun. • Restall, R., C. Rodner, and M. Birds of Northern South America - An Identification Guide.

Christopher Helm, London. • Ribas, C., L. Joseph, and C.